The Metorex HAZ-MET 920 is a portable, battery operated, field hardened, x-ray fluorescence spectrometer for in-situ and on-site (intrusive) analysis of inorganics in soil, air, water, lead-in-paint, etc. The HAZ-MET 920 and the newly introduced HAZ-MET 940 both include a small hand-held analysis probe containing a radioisotope source of x-rays for atomic excitation of the sample, a method of reproducible sample presentation, and a high resolution proportional detector (13% resolution) or solid state Si(Li) detector (2.5%). The element range of the probes is from atomic number 13 to 92 (aluminum to uranium).  The sensitivity level is from ppm to 100% concentration. Metorex also offers the X-MET series analyzers, which are identical to the Haz-Mets in hardware, but utilize a software package which is geared more toward alloy analysis. The X-MET series is focused more toward industrial quality control and mining applications.   The probes connect into a 2048 microchannel electronic pulse height analyzer. The pulse height spectrum is analyzed by proprietary XRF software installed on a Metorex supplied or customer supplied DOS based IBM PC compatible lap-top or desk top computer, or a Metorex 940 which is a Metorex designed DOS based computer, especially miniaturized and adapted for use in harsh field environments.    By pressing the start button on the probe, x-rays generated by the source are allowed to "shine" on the sample. This causes atomic excitation of atoms of the elements present in the sample. This excitation energy is released in the form of x-rays which are characteristic of the individual elements. These characteristic x-rays which represent a specific quantum energy "signature" for each atom (element). The electromagnetic energy thus produced is transduced by the detector into electrical pulse height equivalents.  These various pulse heights are sent to the pulse height analyzer (PHA) and sorted by energy (element) into pulse height regions that represent the element(s) in the sample.    The microprocessors'(standard IBM compatible PC) software computes quantitative data for each measureable element by storing calibration response curves for each element in the form of empirically determined response coefficients or, alternatively, computes element concentrations directly based on the backscatter fundamental parameters method (also called "standardless" calibration method).  The XRF software allows direct storage (data logging) of all final measurement results as well as raw data and operating parameters.    Qualitative data is provided through the spectral data display for each sample x-ray spectrum which can be stored and displayed on the VGA monitor in full color with KLM energy markers for each element.    All data can be saved in a tabular format and exported directly into commercial data processing programs such as WordPerfect, Lotus, Excel, etc. The proprietary XRF software is easy-to-use, menu driven format with familiar pull-down menu screens.    In-situ measurements can be taken directly on the surface of the sample (ie; soil), or samples can be taken intrusively and collected in 31mm dia x-ray cups for placement in the probe and measurement on-site.  In-situ measurement times are generally the average of several measurements per sample location, each on the order of 10-100 seconds.    On-site (trailer or back of station wagon for example) analysis of collected samples may allow more rigorous sample preparation, more representative specimens for analysis, and therefore warrant longer measurement times of, typically, 100-300 seconds.    Complete applications support, parts and service, accessories, operational training, and equipment warranty is provided by Metorex.

Characterization Technology Highlights:
Describes the key marketable features of the technology in terms of parameters measured, performance, implementation, or cost. Includes highlights such as monitoring niche and advantages over other technologies.
Information not available.

Limitations:
Describes the technical limitations, such as specific contaminants, site conditions, and waste preparation that could adversely affect applicability or performance.

Due to limitations in the intensity of isotope sources that can be produced, detection limits are at best in the range of ppm. Depending on the density of the matrix and interelement interferences they can be as low as 10ppm or as high as a few hundred ppm.  Correction for significant matrix changes (eg; as from silaceous to calciferous matrix) is required with empirical calibration methods. Backscatter fundamental parameters (standardless) calibration, on the other hand, will provide estimated mathematical corrections for matrix changes automatically. However, the empirical calibration method, when used properly (with site-specific calibration suite), will almost always provide more accurate results.  Beryllium cannot be analyzed with the XRF method because the detector's window is made of Beryllium. Due to transmission losses in air, the weaker light element x-rays, elements below atomic number 19 have higher detection limits. As the element becomes lighter than 19, the detection limit becomes higher down to the lowest element possible with portable XRF, aluminum. With aluminum the detection limit is in the range of 1000 ppm. Variations in the following sample characteristics relative to the calibration standards can be sources of error:       Particle size      Sample presentation       Moisture        Sample representativeness       Bulk density      Measurement time (too short)       Matrix          Sample non-homogeneity

Other Comments:
Provides additional technology information, such as technology history, status, capabilities, experience, and applicable permits obtained (e.g., TSCA, RCRA).

The XRF or FPXRF (field portable xrf) technology has been applied to inorganic contaminants in soil for more than a decade with good success. Many publications exist which describe the capablilities and limitations to on site and in situ screening. The HAZ-MET has been proven to achieve EPA Level I accuracy and precision (EPA/540/G87/003). With the newer solid state probe, the Si(Li) detector, Level II precision and accuracy has been demonstrated.  Corraboration with laboratory AA and ICP indicates it is reasonable to expect to achieve a correlation factor of R = .9, when the sample is fully extracted with strong digestion, and instrumental methods of calibration and operation procedures from the manufacturer are followed correctly.    Like most manufacturers, Meteorex offers comprehensive references, training and application support services to assist the novice.

Media Monitored or Characterized:
Actual - media on which this technology has been or is currently capable of being used.
Potential - media that this technology may be applied in the future.

Actual	Potential
		Soil (in situ)
		Soil (ex situ)
		Sludge (does not include municipal sewage sludge)
		Solid (for example slag)
		Air particulates and aerosols
		Saturated sediment (ex situ)
		Saturated sediment (in situ)

Monitoring Targets:
Actual - monitoring targets that have been monitored or characterized by this technology.
Potential - monitoring targets that this technology may be applied in the future.

Actual	Potential
		Organic pesticides/herbicides
		Heavy metals
		Nonmetallic toxic elements
		Radioactive metals
		Inorganic cyanides
		Inorganic corrosives
		Organometallic pesticides/herbicides

Waste Source or Site Types:
Actual - waste sources or site types on which this technology has been or is currently capable of being used.
Potential - waste source or site types that this technology may be applied in the future.

Actual	Potential
		Agriculture Applications
		Battery Recycling/Disposal
		Chlor-alkali Manufacturing
		Electroplating
		Industrial Landfills
		Inorganic/Organic Pigments
		Machine Shops
		Metal Ore Mining and Smelting
		Municipal Landfills
		Munitions Manufacturing/Storage
		Paint/Ink Formulation/Use
		Petroleum Refining and Reuse
		Photographic Products
		Plastics Manufacturing
		Pulp and Paper Industry
		Other Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing/Use
		Semiconductor Manufacturing
		Rubber Manufacturing
		Wood Preserving
		Uranium Mining
		Uranium Mining

Technology Specifications
List of the components included with this system and the dimensions (how much space is needed for each component).

Component	Height	Width	Length	Weight
Entire unit	3.9inch(es)	10.8inch(es)	12.2inch(es)	4.7kilogram(s)

Shipping requirements of this technology:
Dangerous Goods
Special shipping Requirements

The shipment must include documentation that it complies with federal shipping requirements (see 49 CFR 173.421-1 and 173.422 for details).

Power Requirements
This technology requires one of more of the following power supplies.
Batteries: 10 "C" Cell NiCd
Time required before recharging or replacement: 2.5 hour(s)


Major Unit Process:

The Metorex 900 series HAZ-MET's are equipped with either a solid state (Si(Li) or proportional counter detector contained in a hand held probe. The basic configuration includes: a disc operating system (DOS)-based, field-hardened portable, battery operated PC, XRF software, X-MET PC System (XPCS), and the analysis probe with excitation source. The XPCS contains a 2048-channel multi-channel analyzer (MCA) that is used to collect, analyze and display the x-ray pulse-height spectrum. The high resolution Si(Li) detector is liquid nitrogen cooled by a 0.5 liter dewar built into the probe. This allows 8-12 hours of field use before refill. The gas-filled proportional detector operates at ambient temperature. The following radioisotope excitation sources are offer: Fe-55, Cd-109, and Am-241. Dual source configurations are available. All software is menu driven. The technology is calibrated from the factory, or can be field calibrated using either empirical calibration or standardless-fundamental parameters with backscatter methods (FP). Empirical calibration requires a set of synthetic "site-typical" or analyzed "site-specific" samples for the initial calibration. FP calibration requires one certified standard. A "check sample" (QA/QC sample) facility allows calibrations to be maintained for months to years without recalibration. With a calibrated instrument the HAZ-MET is used either in-situ after clearing away non-representative material from the soil surface, or intrusively for samples collected and analyzed in cups. The operator measures each grid location for the prescribed analysis time (dependent on precision and accuracy required), typically 10 seconds to 300 seconds, then reads and records or electronically logs results in instrument memory. It is possible to analyze 50 or more soil samples per 8-10 hour day with intrusive sampling, rigorous sample preparation, and long measurement times (200-300 seconds per sample) and up to 400 samples per day with in-situ screening (or minimal sample preparation) and short (10-100 seconds per sample) measurement times. The following are steps involved for in-situ screening: 1. Prior to use, factory calibration is checked, or instrument is calibrated using a suite of calibration samples (empirical method), or one fully characterized standard (fundamental parameters method). 2. System performance test is done using check sample (QA/QC sample) measurement. 3. The probe is placed on the soil surface and the measurement is started. 4. Results are logged. The following are steps involved in intrusive sample analysis: 1. Prior to use, factory calibration is checked, or instrument is calibrated using a suite of calibration samples (empirical method), or one fully characterized standard (fundamental parameters method). 2. System performance test is done using check sample (QA/QC sample) measurement. 3. Samples are collected and prepared according to accepted protocols (usually drying, sieving, grinding, and homogenizing then filling x-ray cup for measurement). 4. Samples are placed on probe and measured. 5. Results are logged.

Technology Operation

Reagents/Supplies
Information not provided.

Reagents or supplies are sensitive to environmental conditions (that is, environmental controls such as refrigeration are required) No.
Frequency of calibration required
One-time, initial calibration is set at the factory
Site specific - 1 initially (units)
Theoretical, based on literature - 1 initially and for new app (units)
Empirical, based on standards - 1 initially and for new app (units)
Required sample preparation and perservation.
Homogenation
Sieving
Grinding

Technology Maintenance

Maintenance
Routine maintanance
Information not provided.

Residual Wastes
Does this technology does not directly or indirectly produces residual wastes(hazardous or nonhazardous)? No

Are disposal costs associated with the wastes that are produced? No

Health and Safety
What protective equipment or health and safety procedures are required to operate the technology?
Drying, put 10g into X-ray cup

List any health and safety issues associated with the equipment.
Information not provided.

Permit Requirements
Are users of the technology required to obtain any federal or state permits, liscenses, or certifications for transporatiation, operation, or ownership of the technology? No

Technical Support
Is special training provided and/or required?
Training Required

Duration and cost of the training and whether it is conducted on site or off site.
Information not provided.
Quality of technical support. (If an operator in in the field and the instrument breaks down or is not giving quality results, what kind of response can be expected?)
Regular business hours - 8:00AM to 7:00PM EST


Cost Information

This Technology can be:
Purchased $ 5000 - Total Cost
Rented $ 5000 per month (avg) (units)
Leased $ 5000 per month (avg) (units)
The vendor supplies everything necessary to use and obtain data with the rental or purchase of the technology.

Factors Affecting Unit Price.
Information not provided.

Other costs associated with this technology (for example, the cost of reagents if they are required and were not included in the cost informtion). Also indicated are the cost of refills or routinely required replacement parts.

Part	Cost
Optional onsite analytical service	$1,000 per day (Unit)
Si (Li) Probe, LN2	$2 per liter (Unit)

Technology Performance

Operating Conditions(tempurature, moisture, etc.)
Matrix and environment conditions that may interfere with the performance of this technology.
Matrix
Soil Texture
Saturated
Moisture
Unsaturated


Environmental Conditions
Information not provided.

Can this technology be operated successfully outside (i.e. a controlled environment is not necessary)? No

Data Type and Interpretation

This technology produces:
Qualitative (yes/no, absense or presense)
Quantitative (specific number)
Semi-Quantitative (measurement within range)

Data manipulation required time to obtain usable results:
None, the technology automatically produces usable data.

Sample Throughput/Measurement Frequency - how long it takes to generate one useable data point. Throughput is measured by the total time required to obtain the data divided by the total number of data points.
40 per hour(units)

Development or Bench Scale Studies
Information not provided.

Estimated range of qualtity or size of targetmaterial needed to test the fesibility of this technology.
Information not provided.

Total number of bench-scale studies conducted on actual target materials from diffrent sources or sites. Studies pertaining to the same site once, regardless of the number of diffrent target materials. 0

Precision and Accuracy
Maximum measurement precision of the instrument.
not provided
Maximum measurement accuracy of the instrument.
not provided

Contaminant of Concern, Method of Detection Limit and Operational Range
Information not provided.

Literature and Technical References:
Information not provided.

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